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Knowledge-Based Expert System for Orthopedic Injury Management With Integrated Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve

Haneen Banjar1,2,3,4, Shahad Almalki1, Lama Almehmadi1

  • 1Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications
|July 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

TeleOrtho, an intelligent system, offers personalized diagnosis and treatment for ankle injuries, integrating transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for enhanced recovery. It aims to reduce diagnostic errors and improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
TENS therapyankle injuriesankle–foot orthoses (AFOs)knowledge-based expert systempersonalized treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Medical Informatics
  • Rehabilitation Engineering

Background:

  • Ankle injuries are prevalent, especially in sports, posing diagnostic challenges.
  • Misdiagnosis can lead to long-term complications and impaired recovery.
  • Current orthotic treatments require intelligent systems for accurate assessment and personalized management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate TeleOrtho, a knowledge-based expert system for personalized diagnosis and treatment of ankle injuries.
  • To integrate transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy into the rehabilitation process.
  • To improve diagnostic accuracy, treatment adherence, and clinical decision-making for ankle conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a knowledge-based expert system (TeleOrtho) using Flutter and Python.
  • Implemented a user-friendly interface for clinicians and patients.
  • Validated diagnostic accuracy and treatment pathways using published case scenarios and usability testing (SUS score: 85.3/100).

Main Results:

  • TeleOrtho reliably identified ankle injury types based on structured symptom input.
  • The system provided individualized recovery plans, including TENS therapy recommendations.
  • Validation confirmed alignment with medical guidelines and demonstrated consistent functionality.

Conclusions:

  • TeleOrtho shows significant potential in reducing diagnostic errors for ankle injuries.
  • The system can improve therapy adherence and enhance clinical decision-making.
  • Future work includes integrating imaging analysis and expanding the system's capabilities.