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Calorimetric Method for Measuring Phacoemulsification Energy Delivered During Cataract Surgery.

Dr Rosa Braga-Mele1, Satish Yalamanchili, Sarah Makari

  • 1University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

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|July 1, 2025
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Summary

This study measured ultrasound energy in Joules during cataract surgery using a calorimetric method. This standardized measurement allows for better comparison of energy delivery across different phacoemulsification systems.

Keywords:
calorimetriccataractdissipated energyjoulesphacoemulsification

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Physics

Background:

  • Cataract surgery frequently utilizes phacoemulsification, a process involving ultrasound energy.
  • Standardized measurement of ultrasound energy is crucial for comparing different surgical devices and techniques.
  • Current methods lack a universal unit for energy comparison, hindering precise analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the ultrasound (US) energy delivered to the eye during cataract surgery in Joules (J).
  • To establish a universal energy unit for comparing various US modalities and phacoemulsification systems.
  • To explore the utility of Joules as a standardized metric for assessing clinical outcomes in cataract surgery.

Main Methods:

  • An experimental laboratory model was developed to measure phacoemulsification energy dissipation.
  • A calorimetric method was employed, using thermocouples to measure water temperature rise in response to US energy.
  • Ultrasound power was tested across modalities at 10% increments from 10% to 100%.

Main Results:

  • High repeatability was observed in both torsional and longitudinal US modalities (coefficient of variation < 0.5).
  • Strong, non-linear correlations were found between ultrasound energy and power levels (R2 > 0.99).
  • Energy measurements showed low standard deviation across tests, indicating reliable data.

Conclusions:

  • A calorimetric method provides enhanced insight into total ocular ultrasound energy during cataract surgery.
  • Measuring phacoemulsification energy in Joules offers a standardized comparison across platforms.
  • This standardized energy measurement can serve as a clinically relevant proxy for improving surgical outcomes.