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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
428
Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

303
Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

747
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
747
Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

407
Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
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Intranasal Delivery: Formulation Factors and Insights Into User Experience.

Shabbir Lobo1, Zhangjie Xi2, Debanjan Das2

  • 1Bayer U.S. LLC, R&D Global Consumer Health, 36 Columbia Drive, Morristown, NJ, 07860, USA. shabbir.lobo@bayer.com.

AAPS Pharmscitech
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Improving nasal spray experience is key for patient compliance. This review synthesizes research on formulation and device factors to reduce unpleasant sensations and enhance user acceptance.

Keywords:
BitternessConsumer perception and complianceNasal deliveryNasal spraysTaste masking

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Nasal spray unpleasant sensory attributes (bitterness, burning) significantly reduce patient compliance and product acceptance.
  • Existing research on nasal spray acceptability is fragmented across academic and industrial studies.
  • A comprehensive overview is needed to address user experience as a critical product requirement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize existing literature on factors influencing nasal spray user experience.
  • To identify and categorize attributes contributing to negative sensory perceptions post-intranasal application.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for improving nasal spray formulations and devices to maximize patient compliance.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review and collation of studies from pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical domains.
  • Categorization of factors impacting nasal spray experience (nasal anatomy, formulation, device properties, excipients).
  • Analysis of product-device interactions and novel excipient applications for sensory attribute modulation.

Main Results:

  • Unpleasant sensations are influenced by nasal anatomy, formulation composition, dosage, and device characteristics.
  • Taste masking agents, flavors, and novel polymers can effectively modulate sensory attributes.
  • Understanding product-device interactions is crucial for mitigating adverse sensory effects.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing nasal spray formulations with specific excipients can significantly improve user experience and reduce negative sensations.
  • Addressing sensory attributes is essential for enhancing patient compliance with intranasal therapies.
  • Further research into novel excipients and formulation strategies can lead to superior nasal spray products.