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A gain-reconfigurable flat gradient refractive index plasma lens.

Fatemeh Sadeghikia¹, Kazem Zafari², Mohamed Himdi³

¹Wireless Telecommunication Group, Khayyam Research Institute, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran. Sadeghi_kia@ari.ac.ir.

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Summary

This study introduces a reconfigurable flat gradient-index (GRIN) lens antenna using controllable plasma dielectric materials. The novel design achieves agile beam shaping and significant antenna gain enhancement through adjustable plasma frequencies.

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Area of Science:

Electromagnetics and Optics
Antenna Engineering
Plasma Physics

Background:

Gradient-index (GRIN) lenses offer unique wave manipulation properties.
Controlling dielectric properties of materials is key for reconfigurable antennas.
Plasma materials present tunable electromagnetic characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel reconfigurable flat GRIN lens antenna.
To utilize controllable plasma dielectric materials for agile beam shaping.
To derive analytical design equations and validate them experimentally.

Main Methods:

Designing a multi-layered cylindrical plasma lens with adjustable plasma frequencies.
Deriving analytical equations for optimal GRIN plasma lens dimensions and gain.
Conducting numerical simulations and experimental validation using a low-cost prototype.

Main Results:

Achieved over 10 dB gain enhancement via numerical simulations.
Experimental results showed approximately 3.5 dB gain enhancement in the E-plane.
Demonstrated agile beam shaping capabilities through plasma permittivity control.

Conclusions:

The proposed flat GRIN plasma lens offers reconfigurability and beam control.
Analytical models and design methodology are validated by simulation and experimental data.
The concept shows practical implementation potential for advanced antenna systems.