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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters
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A novel 3D hemispherical reconfigurable antenna with a switchable radiation pattern using Butler matrix.

Amani Cherif1, Sylvain Dubois1, Mohamed Himdi2

  • 1Institute of Electronics and Digital Technology (IETR), UMR CNRS 6164, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a compact hemispherical reconfigurable antenna for 5G networks. It offers electronically switchable beams for dynamic wireless communication, enhancing coverage and performance.

Keywords:
3D hemisphericalButler MatrixVivaldi antennabeam-switching

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Electromagnetics
  • Antenna Theory

Background:

  • 5G networks require advanced antenna systems for efficient wireless communication.
  • Reconfigurable antennas are crucial for adapting to dynamic signal environments.
  • Existing solutions may lack the desired compactness or beam-steering flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and validate a compact, three-dimensional hemispherical reconfigurable antenna system.
  • To achieve electronically switchable beams for 5G applications around 3.6 GHz.
  • To demonstrate wide angular coverage and consistent directivity.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of a four-element Vivaldi antenna array with a passive Butler matrix.
  • Implementation of a PIN diode switching network for beam steering without active phase control.
  • Utilizing experimental measurements and full-wave simulations for validation.

Main Results:

  • The antenna system provides electronically switchable beams in upward, rightward, and backward directions.
  • Consistent directivity and wide angular coverage were experimentally confirmed.
  • Achieved approximately 180° elevation coverage and 360° azimuthal coverage.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed hemispherical reconfigurable antenna system is suitable for 5G networks.
  • The PIN diode switching network offers a simple and effective beam-steering solution.
  • The system's performance validates its potential for dynamic wireless communication environments.