Factors modulating the post-operative course in minimally invasive and open pediatric nephrectomy for non-malignant...

Minimally-invasive nephrectomy reduces hospital stay and analgesic needs compared to open nephrectomy but involves longer operative times and higher costs. This study examines how pre-operative factors impact outcomes in pediatric nephrectomy for benign disease.

We analyzed pediatric total nephrectomy cases in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric database from 2013 to 2022, excluding those with malignancy, approach conversions, or missing data. Outcomes included blood transfusion, reoperation, and prolonged hospital stay, defined as >1.5 interquartile ranges above the median stay for each group analyzed. Univariate analysis preceded multivariate logistic regression that included race, sex, weight, age, ASA classification, and surgical approach. Age-stratified analysis (<1, 1-5, 6-11, ≥12 years) evaluated the impact of approach on hospital stay.

Among 2629 cases, minimally invasive nephrectomy patients were older with longer operative times and differences in race, sex, and ASA classification, which were controlled in regression. Open nephrectomy, High-Risk ASA, and Non-White race increased the odds of prolonged stay. An interaction term showed an 8.0 % per year of age increase in prolonged stay odds with open nephrectomy. Subgroup analysis confirmed higher prolonged stay odds with open surgery in all groups except those <1 year. Open nephrectomy and High-Risk ASA increased transfusion odds, while only High-Risk ASA increased reoperation odds.

High-Risk ASA increased the odds of all adverse outcomes. Open nephrectomy raised odds of prolonged stay and transfusion, with age interactions suggesting progressive benefits of minimally invasive nephrectomy after infancy. These findings inform surgical approach selection and post-operative planning.