Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Veins of Head and Neck

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...

Arteries of the Head and Neck

Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...

Muscles that Move the Head

Muscles that Move the Head

The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...

Equilibrium and Balance

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Safety of migraine prophylaxis with calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies in comorbid chronic inflammatory central nervous system disease: A case series.

Headache·2026

Same author

Prolactinoma-associated headache: Clinical and radiological correlates and long-term outcomes.

Pituitary·2026

Same author

Hypocretin-1/ Orexin-A fragment1-16 as a potential surrogate marker for diagnosing narcolepsy type 1.

Sleep·2026

Same author

Learnings from familial visual snow syndrome: A case series.

Headache·2026

Same author

Clinical and Genetic Factors Associated with Non-Response to Erenumab.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025

Same author

Locating Spinal Leaks in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: How Many Dynamic Myelographies Does It Take?

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

[Secondary Headaches].

Laura Weichsel¹, Christoph Schankin^1,2,3

¹Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern.

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique

|July 3, 2025

Summary

Diagnosing headaches is complex, requiring differentiation between primary and secondary types. Initial clinical focus is on identifying secondary headaches due to potentially life-threatening causes.

Keywords:

Secondary headaches green flags primary headaches red flags

More Related Videos

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Published on: July 29, 2021

Author Spotlight: Minimally Invasive Relief for Occipital Neuralgia at the Nuchal Line

Author Spotlight: Minimally Invasive Relief for Occipital Neuralgia at the Nuchal Line

Published on: September 13, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 17, 2025

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Published on: July 29, 2021

Author Spotlight: Minimally Invasive Relief for Occipital Neuralgia at the Nuchal Line

Author Spotlight: Minimally Invasive Relief for Occipital Neuralgia at the Nuchal Line

Published on: September 13, 2024

Area of Science:

Neurology
Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

Headache diagnosis presents challenges due to numerous differential diagnoses.
Distinguishing primary headaches from secondary headaches is crucial for patient management.
Secondary headaches may indicate serious, potentially life-threatening underlying conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the diagnostic approach for headaches.
To emphasize the importance of identifying secondary headaches early.

Main Methods:

Clinical diagnostic criteria for headaches.
Differential diagnosis strategies for headache presentations.

Main Results:

The diagnostic pathway prioritizes the exclusion of secondary headaches.
Understanding primary vs. secondary headache characteristics is key.

Conclusions:

A systematic approach is necessary for accurate headache diagnosis.
Early identification of secondary headaches improves patient outcomes.