Nonpharmacologic Methods of Stone Risk Reduction: Diet and Supplements

This article provides background and a rationale for patient-centered, individualized, nonpharmacologic risk reduction for the most common types of kidney stones. An appreciation for the heterogeneity of urolithiasis and how it is expressed across stone formers is reviewed. Evidence-based strategies to address urinary and dietary risk factors are reviewed. Strategies to target risk factors are provided. For appropriate lithogenic risk factors, targeted nonpharmacologic therapies, informed by individualized assessment and consideration of patient-centered factors, is encouraged.