Trends and Determinants of Neonatal Mortality in Rural Ethiopia

Introduction. Neonatal mortality, the death of infants within 28 days, is a major challenge for healthcare in developing countries. Despite global declines, data on rural patterns remain scarce. Objective. To determine neonatal mortality trends and factors in rural Ethiopia. Methods. The Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) conducted cross-sectional studies in rural Ethiopia in 2011, 2016, and 2019. Consenting women who gave birth in these years were included. Data were analyzed with STATA 17 using multistage cluster sampling, logistic regression, and weighted estimates. Results. Data from 22 755 women showed neonatal mortality rates dropped from 7.5% to 6.03%. Gambela and Tigrai had the lowest rates, while Dire Dawa and Somali regions had higher rates. Key factors included mother's age, wealth, birth order, sex, twins, breastfeeding, and baby's size. Conclusion. Despite decreases, challenges persist. Regional health bureaus should enhance antenatal care and promote facility births.