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In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
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Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds
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Can water source and quality affect nutrient digestion?

David P Casper1, Ishwary P Acharya2

  • 1Casper's Calf Ranch, Freeport, IL 61032; Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411.

Journal of Dairy Science
|July 4, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Water quality significantly impacts dairy cow ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion. Treated water may offer benefits beyond the rumen, influencing overall animal health and digestion estimates.

Keywords:
digestionqualityruminalwater

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Dairy Nutrition
  • Ruminant Physiology

Background:

  • Water quality is crucial for dairy cattle health and productivity.
  • Variations in water sources can influence ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility.
  • Evaluating water treatment systems is essential for optimizing dairy cow diets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of different water sources and a hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) treatment system on ruminal fermentation rates.
  • To determine the effect of water quality on nutrient digestibility in lactating dairy cows.
  • To compare ruminal digestion parameters using distilled water, untreated groundwater, treated groundwater, and municipal water.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro ruminal fermentation using Dacron bags incubated in Ankom gas fermentation bottles.
  • Measurement of gas production rate and total volatile fatty acids (VFA).
  • Determination of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility.

Main Results:

  • Distilled water (DW) showed a higher gas production rate compared to untreated groundwater (UGW), treated groundwater (TGW), and municipal water (MW).
  • Total VFA and acetate production were lower with DW compared to MW.
  • DM digestibility was slightly lower for TGW compared to DW, while NDF digestibility was similar across all treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Water source and quality demonstrably affect ruminal microbial fermentation rates and nutrient digestion estimates in dairy cows.
  • While TGW showed a tendency for lower DM digestibility in vitro, potential postruminal benefits of water treatment warrant further investigation.
  • Optimizing water quality is a key consideration for improving dairy cattle nutrition and digestive efficiency.