Enhanced CPCV algorithm for improving power quality in electric vehicle battery charging

Area of Science:

• Electrical Engineering
• Power Systems Analysis
• Renewable Energy Integration

Background:

• Integrating electric vehicles (EVs) into power grids presents challenges in maintaining power quality (PQ) due to harmonic distortion from battery charging.
• Conventional charging algorithms like Constant Current Constant Voltage (CCCV) often result in high Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and reduced system efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce and evaluate the Constant Power Constant Voltage (CPCV) charging algorithm for EVs.
• To assess the CPCV algorithm's effectiveness in mitigating harmonic distortion and improving power quality compared to CCCV.

Main Methods:

• Simulations were conducted using three distinct EV models: Tesla Model 3, BYD ATTO 3, and Kia EV3 Long Range.
• The performance of the CPCV algorithm was compared against the traditional CCCV method under various charging conditions.

Main Results:

• The CPCV algorithm demonstrated a significant reduction in THD, with values as low as 0.41% for the 3rd, 5th, and 7th harmonics.
• Energy losses were notably lower with CPCV (2.72 kWh to 3.51 kWh) compared to CCCV (3.85 kWh to 5.89 kWh).
• CPCV ensured a near-constant power factor, enhancing overall charging efficiency.

Conclusions:

• The CPCV algorithm effectively improves power quality and reduces energy losses in EV charging.
• CPCV facilitates smoother integration of EVs into power distribution systems by addressing harmonic distortion.
• This algorithm offers a promising solution for sustainable and reliable EV charging infrastructure.