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Updated: Sep 16, 2025

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

7.3K

Illness Burden and Unmet Patient Needs in Giant Cell Arteritis: Current State and Future Prospects

Sebastian E Sattui1, Mitra Corral2, Dannielle C O'Donnell2

  • 1Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Open Access Rheumatology : Research and Reviews
|July 7, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) causes significant patient burdens and healthcare costs. Early diagnosis and optimized treatment, including steroid-sparing options, are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing adverse events in this relapsing vasculitis.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Vasculitis Research

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most prevalent primary systemic vasculitis, affecting large and medium-sized arteries.
  • Diagnostic delays and unclear optimal treatment durations pose challenges in GCA management.
  • Patients face substantial burdens from GCA, including vision loss and stroke risks, leading to permanent disability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted burdens of Giant cell arteritis (GCA).
  • To identify unmet needs in GCA diagnosis, treatment, and healthcare resource utilization.
  • To highlight the impact of GCA on patients' clinical, psychosocial, and economic well-being.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a narrative review.
  • Literature search on clinical, psychosocial, and economic aspects of GCA.
  • Analysis of current diagnostic and treatment strategies and their associated burdens.

Main Results:

  • GCA presents significant clinical challenges, including vision impairment and stroke.
  • Psychosocial impacts on patients are considerable, affecting quality of life.
  • Economic burdens include high direct healthcare spending and resource utilization.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing diagnosis and treatment decisions is key to improving patient care in GCA.
  • Reducing diagnostic delays and minimizing adverse effects of treatments like glucocorticoids are critical.
  • Emerging glucocorticoid-sparing agents offer promising alternatives for managing this relapsing vasculitis.

Keywords:
giant cell arteritisglucocorticoidshealthcare costslarge vessel vasculitisquality of life

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