Iodine and Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a thyroid disorder disease caused by a decrease in the synthesis or secretion of thyroid hormones and is one of the most common thyroid disorders in clinical practice. Elemental iodine is consumed daily in salt and food, such as seaweed. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of thyroid disorders. Iodine is oxidized in the body to produce iodine-containing thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency can lead to goitre deficiency and can also affect children and infants, leading to mental retardation and developmental delays. The causes of hypothyroidism are complex and can be divided into autoimmune hypothyroidism, post-thyroid surgery hypothyroidism, drug-induced hypothyroidism, post-¹³¹I therapy hypothyroidism, post-surgical pituitary or hypothalamic tumor hypothyroidism and congenital hypothyroidism. Among them, autoimmune hypothyroidism, post-thyroid surgery hypothyroidism and pharmacological hypothyroidism account for 90% of the hypothyroidism causes. Serum iodine content is very closely related to them, and in post-surgical hypothyroid diseases, iodine can also be used as a supplement to reduce the incidence of post-surgical diseases, and there exists a complementary role in the recovery of the disease. Iodine has a complementary role in the occurrence and treatment of thyroid diseases. Thus, this paper explores and summarizes the correlation between iodine and hypothyroidism around the two parts of iodine and hypothyroidism, aiming to provide a reference for daily life, clinical research and basic investigation.