Fetal Therapy for Renal Anomalies and Anhydramnios

Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) are developmental defects affecting 1 in 465 live births and constitute 28% to 33% of neonatal ultrasound anomalies. CAKUT is a major contributor to chronic kidney disease in children and is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in this population, accounting for 40% to 50% of cases. Amniotic fluid volume reflects renal function. CAKUT that decreases amniotic fluid can result in serious complications. Although treatments such as amnioinfusion, vesicoamniotic shunting, and cystoscopy shows promise, they carry risks and uncertain long-term outcomes. This highlights the importance of further research to improve management of these conditions.