Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: a Scoping Review of the Evidence for Efficacy and Future Directions

Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated clinical potential, yet its influence on medical education remains limited. This review explores AI applications in medical education, evaluates available evidence and considers future applications. We conducted a scoping review (PubMed, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Google Scholar; 2010-2022) identifying 42 relevant peer-reviewed articles. Four key themes emerged: surgical skills assessment, radiology training, interactive learning, and text interpretation. Current applications enhance surgical simulation and facilitate interactive learning. These tools may evolve towards comprehensive and individualised educational aids. Despite promising early applications, evidence on educational and clinical outcomes remains limited. Future research should prioritise validated outcomes in larger trials to confirm generalisability and address AI limitations.