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Related Concept Videos

Bias01:22

Bias

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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Archival Research01:40

Archival Research

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Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
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Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Ethics in Research01:56

Ethics in Research

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Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
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Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Chi-square Analysis02:46

Chi-square Analysis

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The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test. It is used to check whether there is a significant difference between an expected value and an observed value. In the context of genetics, it enables us to either accept or reject a hypothesis, based on how much the observed values deviate from the expected values.
The chi-square test was developed by Pearson in 1990.
The first step of performing a Chi-square analysis is to establish a null hypothesis, which assumes that there is no real...
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Questionable Research Practices: Cherry Picking.

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Cherry picking, a questionable research practice, can lead to inaccurate nurse education literature. This article offers recommendations to discourage this data manipulation method.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nursing Education Research
    • Research Methodology
    • Scientific Integrity

    Background:

    • Questionable research practices (QRPs) pose a threat to the integrity of scientific literature.
    • Cherry picking, a specific QRP, involves selectively presenting data that supports a desired outcome.
    • The nurse education field is susceptible to the introduction of inaccurate information through such practices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To raise awareness of the research practice of cherry picking within the nursing education community.
    • To highlight the potential negative impact of cherry picking on the accuracy of published nursing research.
    • To propose actionable recommendations to mitigate and discourage cherry picking.

    Main Methods:

    • This methodology column discusses the concept and implications of cherry picking.
    • It reviews the potential for cherry picking to distort findings in nursing education studies.
    • Recommendations are presented for researchers and the broader academic community.

    Main Results:

    • Cherry picking can introduce bias and inaccuracies into the nursing education literature.
    • The practice undermines the reliability and validity of research findings.
    • Proactive measures are needed to ensure the integrity of published nursing research.

    Conclusions:

    • Addressing cherry picking is crucial for maintaining high standards in nursing education research.
    • Implementing the suggested recommendations can help foster a more rigorous and trustworthy research environment.
    • Continued vigilance against questionable research practices is essential for scientific progress.