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Related Experiment Video

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

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Published on: August 26, 2011

To Turn Inward or Outward? Examining the Reciprocal Relationships Between Mindfulness, Interpersonal Emotion

Erika Blair¹, David Chester¹

¹Virginia Commonwealth University.

Research Square

|July 9, 2025

Summary

Mindfulness and interpersonal emotion regulation (IER) showed an inverse relationship, with increased personal mindfulness linked to less IER. However, momentary mindfulness spikes correlated with more IER, suggesting complex emotional regulation dynamics.

Keywords:

aggression emotion regulation interpersonal emotion regulation longitudinal study mindfulness

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Social Psychology
Emotion Regulation

Background:

Interpersonal emotion regulation (IER) involves seeking external support for emotional control.
Mindfulness is an intrapersonal strategy focusing on internal awareness for emotion regulation.
Limited research explores the interplay between mindfulness and IER and their impact on aggression.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interaction between dispositional mindfulness and IER.
To examine how these strategies predict each other and aggression over time.
To understand the relationship dynamics in a diverse undergraduate sample.

Main Methods:

A three-wave longitudinal study with 469 undergraduates at a Minority Serving Institution.
Data collection occurred approximately 20 days apart across the three waves.
Assessed dispositional mindfulness, IER, and aggressive behaviors.

Main Results:

Between-participants analyses indicated that higher dispositional mindfulness was associated with lower IER.
Within-participant analyses revealed that increased momentary mindfulness predicted subsequent increases in IER.
Neither mindfulness nor IER consistently predicted aggressive behaviors in this study.

Conclusions:

An inverse relationship exists between dispositional mindfulness and IER, challenging initial predictions.
Momentary mindfulness may facilitate, rather than replace, IER in specific contexts.
The findings highlight potential trade-offs between intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation strategies.