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Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

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Nipah virus: a summary for clinicians.

Corri B Levine¹, Lauren M Sauer², Susan L F McLellan¹

¹University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.

International Journal of Emergency Medicine

|July 9, 2025

Summary

Nipah virus (NiV) infection lacks approved treatments, but two U.S. FDA-approved antivirals show potential. Multiple NiV vaccines are in pre-clinical development, offering hope for future prevention and treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

Emerging infectious diseases
Viral pathogenesis
Medical countermeasures

Background:

Nipah virus (NiV) is a significant emerging pathogen with pandemic potential.
Limited human clinical data exists for NiV due to infrequent outbreaks.
Understanding NiV clinical perspectives is crucial for developing effective responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a global overview of clinical perspectives on Nipah virus.
To summarize pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnostics of NiV infection.
To highlight potential therapies and vaccines for NiV, aiding clinical decision-making.

Main Methods:

Literature review focused on NiV vaccines and therapeutics.
Evaluation of treatments tested in animal models of NiV disease.

Main Results:

Two U.S. FDA-approved antiviral medications identified for potential off-label NiV treatment.
Numerous other antiviral candidates are in early-stage development.
Multiple NiV vaccine platforms are in pre-clinical stages, with human trial data pending.

Conclusions:

This review offers clinicians a rapid reference for NiV background, manifestations, and countermeasures.
Identified medical countermeasures provide candidates for emergency use and clinical research.
The findings support further investigation into NiV therapies and vaccines for outbreak settings.