Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Clinical Hyaluronic Acid Fillers

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Biomaterials Science
• Dermatology

Background:

• Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels are common dermal fillers interacting with host immune cells.
• While generally biocompatible, some patients experience delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
• Different HA filler formulations exist for various aesthetic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the innate and adaptive immune responses to two distinct clinical HA filler formulations.
• To compare immune cell recruitment and cytokine production following implantation.

Main Methods:

• Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to analyze immune responses.
• Immune reactions were studied in a murine quadricep muscle resection model.
• Juvèderm Volbella (VYC-15L) and Juvèderm Ultra 3 (SGD-30XP) were implanted and compared to saline controls.

Main Results:

• HA filler implantation increased immune cell recruitment, including macrophages, eosinophils, and gamma-delta T cells.
• VYC-15L significantly elevated interleukin-17a (IL17a) production by lymphocytes.
• VYC-15L also induced higher circulating IgE levels compared to SGD-30XP and saline.

Conclusions:

• Different HA filler formulations elicit varying immune responses.
• Findings provide insights into immune reactions to HA fillers and potential mechanisms for delayed hypersensitivity.
• Understanding these differences is crucial for optimizing filler safety and efficacy.