Upper Limb Motor Function Rehabilitation System Leveraging Pressure-Sensitive Intent Recognition

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) enhances daily living and rehabilitation outcomes for stroke patients but faces challenges in intention recognition, individual adaptability, and closed-loop control. To address these, a reconstruction system is presented for upper limb motor function, employing highly pressure-sensitive liquid metal magnetorheological elastomers (LMMRE） to detect muscle surface pressure. It can dynamically modulate functional electrical stimulation based on muscle force signals, enabling continuous execution of wrist movements for stroke patients. The system markedly improves patient mobility, with wrist lifting angles increased from 14° to 47°, and lifting speed nearly doubled. Clinical trials confirm the system's superior efficacy in promoting motor recovery and reducing muscle spasms. Moreover, functional near-infrared spectroscopy highlights enhanced brain activity and promotes reconstruction of damaged neural pathways during LMMRE-FES therapy compared with the conventional electrical stimulation. This system holds immense potential for advancing stroke rehabilitation, paving the way for portable, wearable devices optimized for home-based care.