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Related Concept Videos

What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Plant Breeding and Biotechnology01:59

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

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Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Natural Selection and Adaptation01:15

Natural Selection and Adaptation

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Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations,...
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Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Development of Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes TILLING Populations in Small Grain Crops by Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutagenesis
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Observe natural selection by evolutionary experiments in crops.

Tian Wu1, Shifeng Cheng1

  • 1Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124 China.

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|July 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evolutionary experiments using crops like barley reveal how natural selection drives adaptation and domestication. These studies offer real-time insights into genetic diversity and fitness traits, crucial for food security.

Keywords:
BarleyDiversityEvolutionary experimentLocal adaptationNatural selection

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Agricultural Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Evolutionary experiments offer empirical evidence for crop evolution, domestication, and adaptation.
  • Modern technologies enable practical applications of evolutionary biology to staple crops.
  • The long-term Barley Composite Cross II (CCII) experiment provides insights into selection processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To understand the genomic and phenotypic basis of natural and artificial selection in crop evolution.
  • To measure evolutionary dynamics of genetic diversity and fitness-associated traits in real time.
  • To explore trade-offs inherent in selective processes during crop adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing large-scale, structured evolving populations.
  • Employing high-throughput phenotyping techniques.
  • Conducting genomics-driven genetic studies.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated real-time measurement of evolutionary dynamics.
  • Identified adaptation of fitness-associated traits under selection.
  • Revealed trade-offs associated with selective processes.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary experiments are vital for understanding crop evolution and adaptation.
  • These studies provide critical insights for ensuring global food security and societal resilience.
  • The integration of modern technologies enhances the study of crop evolutionary biology.