LocSys: A Low-Code Paradigm for the Development of Cyber-Physical Applications

Application development for the cyber-physical systems (CPS) domain is considered a quite complex procedure, since it not only requires a high level of expertise but also deep knowledge of heterogeneous domains. On the other hand, modern low-code solutions and DSLs are developed to offload domain complexity by developing models at a higher level of abstraction. In this work we propose an approach based on multiple high-level domain-specific languages (DSLs) as the vehicle to alleviate the developers from the intricacies of the CPS domain, enabling them to easily design and develop different layers (e.g., device, system or application layers) and aspects (e.g., automation processes, observation or monitoring dashboards) of a CPS. The materialized outcome of our approach is the LocSys platform, which allows the integration of DSLs, the development and management of models, and the development of pipelines of transformations between DSL models in a uniform platform, covering different aspects of complex domains. The efficacy of this approach was evaluated during a workshop that included more than 80 participants, with varying levels of expertise and experience in the field. The workshop documented the usability and acceptance of the study using SUS measurements. Preliminary findings suggest that the multi-DSL approach is highly usable (average SUS score 80.65, A- grade) and has been well received by non-domain experts. These results are promising, as they indicate that the LocSys platform can be successfully implemented to build smart environments with embedded automation processes and monitoring dashboards.