Design of Space Target Surveillance Constellation Based on Simulation Comparison Method.

Area of Science:

• Space Science
• Astrodynamics
• Satellite Technology

Background:

• Space situational awareness (SSA) is crucial for low Earth orbit (LEO) operations.
• Existing SSA systems face challenges in achieving full-domain, all-time coverage of LEO targets.
• The need for advanced space-based surveillance constellations is increasing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a simulation-based design method for space target awareness constellations.
• To develop a heterogeneous constellation configuration for enhanced LEO surveillance.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed constellation in meeting surveillance mission requirements.

Main Methods:

• Systematic analysis of LEO space target orbit distribution.
• Design of LEO surveillance mission modes, key indicators, and constraints.
• Construction of three basic constellation configurations.
• Random sampling of surveillance objects based on stratified orbit distribution.
• Simulation comparison to select an optimal heterogeneous constellation.

Main Results:

• A heterogeneous space target surveillance constellation in a sun-synchronous morning-twilight orbit was identified.
• The selected constellation meets the defined surveillance mission model and capability requirements.
• Experimental results demonstrate the constellation's ability to provide satisfactory observation arc segments.

Conclusions:

• The proposed simulation-based design method is effective for developing LEO surveillance constellations.
• The identified heterogeneous constellation configuration significantly improves SSA capabilities.
• The constellation can catalog and track over 80% of LEO targets, enhancing space domain awareness.