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Genotoxicity Induced by Carcinogenic Agents or Occupational Exposure with Sufficient Evidence for Bladder Cancer
Edyta Kasperczyk1, Kateryna Tarhonska1, Ewa Jablonska2
1Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 12, 2025
Summary
This review identifies genetic alterations linked to human carcinogens and genotoxic outcomes, particularly for bladder cancer. While genotoxic effects are studied, standardized data for predicting health effects are lacking.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Toxicology
- Genetics
Background:
- Genetic alterations play a significant role in chemically induced carcinogenesis.
- Existing literature links human carcinogens and occupational exposures to genotoxic outcomes.
- Focus on agents and exposures associated with bladder cancer by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To gather data on genetic alterations linked to human carcinogens.
- To explore the connection between carcinogens and genotoxic outcomes.
- To review genotoxic alterations associated with bladder cancer risk factors.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA standards.
- Comprehensive PubMed database search up to March 2024.
- Inclusion of studies on carcinogenic agents and occupational exposures linked to bladder cancer.
Main Results:
- 60 studies identified genetic alterations for 16 carcinogens/occupations.
- Evaluated agents include 4-aminobiphenyl, benzidine, X-radiation, and occupational exposures like firefighters and painters.
- Genotoxicity assessments used blood, lymphocytes, urine, and buccal cells, focusing on DNA damage, chromosomal abnormalities, and micronuclei.
Conclusions:
- Genotoxic effects of chemical agents in healthy individuals are well-characterized.
- Numerous studies exist on occupational exposures, but comprehensive data is needed.
- Lack of standardized data hinders establishing dose-response relationships for predicting delayed health effects.
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