Biology, Antioxidant Activity, and Therapeutic Potential of Cistus sp.-A Comprehensive Review

For centuries, traditional medical systems have utilized Cistus leaf infusions, extracts, and essential oils in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, respiratory infections, febrile illnesses, and gastrointestinal disorders. Contemporary research has increasingly focused on the identification and characterization of biologically active constituents-particularly polyphenols and other antioxidants-that may modulate key physiological and cellular processes in the human body. These include mechanisms related to oxidative stress, inflammation, aging, and carcinogenesis. The therapeutic relevance of Cistus-derived compounds is further supported by their generally favorable safety profile and high tolerability, which distinguishes them from many synthetic pharmaceuticals. Moreover, the accessibility of Cistus preparations as dietary supplements or herbal infusions allows for their regular consumption without the need for complex therapeutic regimens. This positions Cistus as a promising candidate for integrative health strategies aimed at disease prevention and health maintenance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological potential and therapeutic applications of Cistus extracts, with particular emphasis on their antioxidant and bioactive properties.