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Characterizing the Consumer Food Environment of Dollar Stores and Exploring Differences by Neighborhood Racial

Samantha M Sundermeir1, Mika Matsuzaki2, Angela Zhang3

  • 1Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.

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Dollar stores offer few healthy options, with limited fresh produce. Unhealthy foods and sugar-sweetened beverages are prevalent and cheaper in majority-Black neighborhoods.

Keywords:
dollar storefood availabilityfood environmentfood marketingfood pricesfood retail

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health Nutrition
  • Health Disparities
  • Food Environment Research

Background:

  • Dollar stores are increasingly important food retailers, particularly in underserved communities.
  • Understanding the food environment within these stores is crucial for addressing dietary quality and health equity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the availability, pricing, and promotion of food and beverage items in dollar stores.
  • To examine disparities in the dollar store food environment based on neighborhood racial composition in Atlanta, Georgia.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 25 dollar stores in Atlanta.
  • Evaluated availability, affordability, and promotion of fresh produce, snacks, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and water.
  • Compared stores in majority-Black (MB) versus non-majority-Black (NMB) neighborhoods using US Census data; statistical tests included Kruskal Wallis and chi-square.

Main Results:

  • Fresh produce was available in only 2 stores; sweet snacks, salty snacks, and SSBs were universally offered and frequently promoted.
  • Prices for SSBs and salty snacks were significantly lower in MB neighborhoods compared to NMB neighborhoods (P < 0.05).
  • The food environment was dominated by unhealthy options, with minimal availability of fresh produce.

Conclusions:

  • Dollar store food environments are characterized by a lack of fresh produce and an abundance of unhealthy food and beverage choices.
  • Findings indicate that dollar stores in majority-Black neighborhoods may offer lower prices on unhealthy products, potentially exacerbating health disparities.