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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
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Work and Occupational Performance in ADHD (WOPA): Initial Validation of an ADHD Work Performance Measure in a Large

Anselm B M Fuermaier1, Nana Guo2, Christin Steggemann1

  • 1University of Groningen, The Netherlands.

Journal of Attention Disorders
|July 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed the Work and Occupational Performance in ADHD (WOPA) scale, a new 30-item tool to assess work performance in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This instrument offers a psychometrically sound measure for this population.

Keywords:
adult ADHDassessmentfunctional impairmentswork performance

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Psychology
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Work performance is crucial for daily functioning and is significantly affected by Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
  • Existing instruments for assessing work performance in adults with ADHD lack sophistication and empirical support.
  • There is a need for a reliable and valid self-report measure tailored to this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and psychometrically validate a comprehensive self-report instrument for assessing work performance in adults with ADHD.
  • To create a tool based on a multifactorial model and clinical considerations.

Main Methods:

  • An initial pool of 40 items was generated from a multifactorial model, existing questionnaires, and expert input.
  • Psychometric analyses were performed on a community sample of 714 working adults (≥9 hr/week).
  • The sample was randomly split into two subsamples for validation and analysis.

Main Results:

  • Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a 7-factor structure for the work performance scale.
  • The scale was refined to a 30-item instrument, named the Work and Occupational Performance in ADHD (WOPA), after item reduction based on internal consistency and redundancy.
  • The WOPA demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties, including evaluation for floor/ceiling effects, internal consistency, and item-rest correlations. Associations with ADHD severity and functional impairments were also examined.

Conclusions:

  • The 30-item WOPA is a psychometrically sound instrument developed from empirical models and clinical insights.
  • Further clinical application is needed to confirm its utility in practice.
  • The WOPA provides a valuable tool for assessing work performance challenges in adults with ADHD.