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Bilateral Acute Occlusive Retinal Vasculitis in Pediatric Patients: A Report of Two Cases
Chengzhi Liu1, Yuezhu Lu2,3, Guangda Deng1
1Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Purpose:
To present two rare pediatric cases of bilateral acute occlusive retinal vasculitis (ORV) associated with respiratory viral infections.
Methods:
This retrospective review of two cases included a comprehensive clinical evaluation and detailed examinations, including wide-field RetCam color fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography, B-ultrasound imaging, aqueous humor cytokine analysis, and laboratory testing for viral infections. Treatments consisted of antivirals, corticosteroids, and anti-VEGF therapy.
Results:
Both patients presented with severe vision loss, retinal hemorrhages, retinal vascular occlusion, and exudative detachment. Elevated intraocular VEGF and IL-6 suggested an immune-mediated response. Despite treatment, both had poor visual recovery with optic atrophy and retinal vessel attenuation.
Conclusion:
Respiratory viral infections may trigger severe pediatric ORV via immune-mediated inflammation. In these two cases, early diagnosis, viral screening, and prompt treatment were applied, but the prognosis remains poor. Further research is needed to refine management strategies.
