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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Hippocampal Insulin Microinjection and In vivo Microdialysis During Spatial Memory Testing

Hippocampal Insulin Microinjection and In vivo Microdialysis During Spatial Memory Testing

Published on: January 11, 2013

Direct interactions between the human insula and hippocampus during memory encoding.

Weichen Huang^1,2, Dian Lyu^1,2, James R Stieger^1,2

¹Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.

Nature Neuroscience

|July 14, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The insula and hippocampus interact during memory encoding. Insular activity predicts recall success, showing asymmetric communication crucial for episodic memory formation.

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Horizontal Hippocampal Slices of the Mouse Brain

Horizontal Hippocampal Slices of the Mouse Brain

Published on: September 22, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Memory Research

Background:

The hippocampus is vital for episodic memory encoding.
The precise interaction between the hippocampus and cortical regions during memory formation is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the functional connectivity between the insula and hippocampus during episodic memory encoding.
To identify specific neuronal populations in the insula involved in memory recall and emotional valence processing.

Main Methods:

Electrocorticography was used to record neuronal activity from implanted electrodes in the insula and hippocampus of 16 participants.
Participants viewed emotionally valenced words and attempted recall.
Direct electrical stimulation of insular and hippocampal sites was performed.

Main Results:

A subset of insular neuronal populations exhibited aperiodic activity changes predicting successful memory recall, phase-locked to hippocampal theta and ripples.
Another insular neuronal subset responded to word valence, independent of memory performance.
Electrical stimulation revealed asymmetric communication: insular stimulation evoked hippocampal responses, while hippocampal stimulation yielded widespread, slow insular signals.

Conclusions:

The study reveals functionally selective neuronal populations within the insula interacting with the hippocampus during memory encoding.
Findings suggest asymmetric communication pathways between the hippocampus and insula, contributing to episodic memory processes.