Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cerebral Hemispheres

Cerebral Hemispheres

The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...

Lobes of the Cerebrum

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements....

Lateralization

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...

Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Investigating the mechanisms underlying saccade generation in the frontal eye fields using multi-site microstimulation.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026

Same author

Brain-wide arousal signals are segregated from movement planning in the superior colliculus of the macaque.

eLife·2026

Same author

Input-dependent directionality of interactions between cortical areas.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Interactions across hemispheres in prefrontal cortex reflect global cognitive processing.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Linking reaction time variability to physiological markers of arousal across timescales.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

From Breath to Behavior: Respiratory Features Predict Visual Detection Performance.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

Layered social competition coordinates reproductive hierarchy formation in ants.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

Combination epigenetic-targeted therapy increases the immunogenicity of poorly immunogenic sarcomas.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

Loss of LanC-like proteins delays post-injury regeneration of aging skeletal muscles.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

Integrative Transfer Network: Deep Transfer Learning Across Populations and Prediction Targets.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

Confidence-supported label-free metabolic imaging with FPhaS phase autofluorescence microscopy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

Sequence-encoded autoinhibition couples mRNA decapping activity to phase separation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

Published on: July 31, 2019

Interactions across hemispheres in prefrontal cortex reflect global cognitive processing.

Megan E McDonnell^1,2,3, Akash Umakantha^1,2,4,3, Ryan C Williamson^1,2,4,5,3

¹Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|July 15, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied brain area interactions using dual hemisphere recordings and a novel statistical method. They found shared neural variability linked to arousal, revealing brain functions hidden in single-area studies.

Keywords:

arousal dimensionality reduction neuronal populations neuronal variability prefrontal cortex

More Related Videos

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication

Published on: February 6, 2019

Central and Divided Visual Field Presentation of Emotional Images to Measure Hemispheric Differences in Motivated Attention

Central and Divided Visual Field Presentation of Emotional Images to Measure Hemispheric Differences in Motivated Attention

Published on: November 16, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

Published on: July 31, 2019

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication

Published on: February 6, 2019

Central and Divided Visual Field Presentation of Emotional Images to Measure Hemispheric Differences in Motivated Attention

Central and Divided Visual Field Presentation of Emotional Images to Measure Hemispheric Differences in Motivated Attention

Published on: November 16, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Systems Neuroscience

Background:

Brain functions rely on local network processing and global signals like arousal.
Understanding neural interactions across brain areas is crucial for dissecting complex cognitive functions.
Single-area recordings may miss crucial cross-area communication dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate interactions between prefrontal cortex areas in both hemispheres during a spatial memory task.
To differentiate global modulatory signals from local neural interactions.
To reveal brain functions obscured by single-area recording limitations.

Main Methods:

Dual hemisphere recordings of prefrontal cortex activity in monkeys.
Utilized a novel statistical approach: probabilistic canonical correlation analysis with factor analysis (pCCA-FA).
Analyzed trial-to-trial variability in neuronal responses to identify shared neural signals.

Main Results:

Identified substantial shared neuronal variability within individual prefrontal cortex populations.
Found that a significant portion of this shared variability was common across hemispheres.
Linked this cross-hemispheric shared variability to an arousal process.

Conclusions:

Multi-area recordings, combined with advanced statistical methods like pCCA-FA, can uncover hidden aspects of brain function.
Arousal significantly modulates neural activity across distant brain regions, impacting cognitive tasks.
This study provides a framework for analyzing large-scale neural recordings to understand brain-wide communication.