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MnBi2 Is a Permanent Magnet.

Catherine K Badding1, Eric A Riesel1, Ryan A Murphy1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied the magnetic properties of MnBi2, a new compound, using high pressure and synchrotron X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. They found orbital angular momentum and spin-orbit coupling from bismuth impart magnetic anisotropy, validating high-Z elements for new permanent magnets.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Magnetism

Background:

  • Understanding orbital angular momentum's impact on coercivity is crucial for developing new permanent magnets.
  • High atomic number (Z) elements enhance spin-orbit coupling, a key factor in magnetic properties.
  • The Mn-Bi system, containing the permanent magnet MnBi, is a promising platform for studying these relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the magnetic properties of the newly identified MnBi2 compound under high pressure.
  • To elucidate the role of orbital angular momentum and spin-orbit coupling in MnBi2's magnetism.
  • To explore the potential of high-Z elements in designing novel hard permanent magnets.

Main Methods:

  • Synchrotron X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) was employed to probe magnetism.
  • Experiments were conducted at high pressure using a diamond anvil cell.
  • First-principles calculations were used in conjunction with experimental data.

Main Results:

  • MnBi2 exhibits ferromagnetic hysteresis at both 10 K and room temperature.
  • Orbital angular momentum and spin-orbit coupling originating from Bi atoms were shown to induce magnetic anisotropy.
  • Analysis of Bi p and d orbitals explained magnetic behavior variations within the Mn-Bi system.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms that high-Z elements, specifically bismuth, play a critical role in imparting magnetic anisotropy.
  • The findings support the strategy of using high-Z elements in the synthesis of advanced permanent magnets.
  • MnBi2 is a viable material for further investigation into high-pressure magnetic phenomena.