Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Synthesis of Strong Adhesive Hydrogel, Gelatin O-Nitrosobenzaldehyde
Published on: November 11, 2022
Structural modification of gelatin with four flavonoids for improving its properties
Kexin Fu1, Jiangtao Li2, Jing Ge1
1College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
None:
Gelatin often coexist with flavonoid in various food systems. Therefore, effect of flavonoids with different OH groups on B ring and glycosidic moieties (kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, and quercitrin) on gelatin was studied. Results showed that flavonoid endowed gelatin with a ordered state through increasing the α-helix content from 43 % to 60 % and reducing the β-sheet content from 28 % to 5 % by quercetin or enhancing the β-turn content from 9 % to 20 % and 17 % by kaempferol and quercitrin, respectively. The gelatin unfolding was inversely correlated with hydroxy number of flavonoid. Kaempferol (1 OH) endowed gelatin with good surface hydrophobicity and digestibility in vitro. Gelatin-quercetin (2 OH) complex had the optimal emulsion and gel properties. Gelatin modified by myricetin (3 OH) exhibited the optimal antioxidant capacity while quercitrin group with rhamnose residue possessed the optimal water-holding, oil-holding, foaming and solubility. Molecular docking analysis revealed that hydrogen bonds were the primary binding modes.
Related Concept Videos
Acid Strength and Molecular Structure
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic acid...
Accelerators
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...
Retarders
The function of retarders is to delay the setting of concrete, and this effect can be measured using a penetration test. The retardation process involves adding...
Superplasticizers

