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Related Experiment Video

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Evaluating the Differentiation Capacity of Mouse Prostate Epithelial Cells Using Organoid Culture
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[Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate neoplasms. German version].

Rainer Grobholz1,2

  • 1Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz. rainer.grobholz@ksa.ch.

Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany)
|July 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer, including aggressive small cell and large cell types, requires specific diagnosis and treatment. Therapy-associated neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC) is a new classification arising from androgen deprivation.

Keywords:
AdenocarcinomaAndrogen receptorsCell transdifferentiationImmunohistochemistryPrognosis

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology

Context:

  • Neuroendocrine (NE) cells are present in the normal prostate and prostate adenocarcinomas.
  • These cells influence prostate gland growth via paracrine signaling but lack proliferative activity and androgen receptors (AR).
  • Prostate tumors with NE differentiation are categorized into five groups, with varying clinical significance.

Purpose:

  • To classify and describe the spectrum of neuroendocrine prostate tumors.
  • To highlight the clinical relevance of aggressive NE prostate carcinomas, including small cell NE carcinomas (SCNEC) and large cell NE carcinomas (LCNEC).
  • To introduce therapy-associated neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC) as a distinct entity.

Summary:

  • Prostate NE tumors range from partial differentiation in adenocarcinomas to rare carcinoids (NETs) and aggressive SCNECs and LCNECs.
  • t-NEPC, a new WHO classification, emerges from androgen deprivation, characterized by AR loss and high proliferation.
  • Aggressive NE prostate carcinomas, including t-NEPC, necessitate prompt and intensive treatment strategies.

Impact:

  • Distinguishing between different types of NE prostate cancer is crucial for appropriate patient management.
  • The recognition of t-NEPC underscores the need for vigilant monitoring and potential re-biopsy in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
  • Understanding NE prostate cancer subtypes informs therapeutic decisions and prognostic assessments for improved patient outcomes.