Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

From Perinatal Stress to Schizophrenia: The Emerging Role of Glial Pathology.

Annals of neurosciences·2026
Same author

Multiple Early Life Stressors as Risk Factors for Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities in the F1 Wistar Rats.

Brain sciences·2023
Same author

Astrogliosis and associated CSPG upregulation adversely affect dendritogenesis, spinogenesis and synaptic activity in the cerebellum of a double-hit rat model of protein malnutrition (PMN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced bacterial infection.

Journal of chemical neuroanatomy·2023
Same author

Perineuronal nets: Cruise from a honeycomb to the safety nets.

Brain research bulletin·2022
Same author

Perinatal exposure to synergistic multiple stressors leads to cellular and behavioral deficits mimicking Schizophrenia-like pathology.

Biology open·2022
Same author

Early life exposure to poly I:C impairs striatal DA-D2 receptor binding, myelination and associated behavioural abilities in rats.

Journal of chemical neuroanatomy·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Microglial Interactions with Stress-Response Circuitry Using the Limited Bedding and Nesting Model
04:20

Author Spotlight: Exploring Microglial Interactions with Stress-Response Circuitry Using the Limited Bedding and Nesting Model

Published on: July 12, 2024

1.9K

Microglial Dystrophy and Spatial Learning Impairments Following Exposure to Multiple Early-life Stressors in Rats.

Syed Mujtaba1,2, Nisha Patro1, Ishan Kumar Patro1,2

  • 1School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Annals of Neurosciences
|July 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Perinatal protein malnutrition and environmental stressors prime microglia, leading to severe spatial learning and memory deficits in adult rats. This multi-hit exposure may increase the risk of developmental disorders.

Keywords:
Multi-hit stresscognitive impairmentmicroglial dystrophymicroglial primingprotein malnourishment

More Related Videos

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze
14:24

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze

Published on: July 29, 2025

603
Barnes Maze Testing Strategies with Small and Large Rodent Models
12:59

Barnes Maze Testing Strategies with Small and Large Rodent Models

Published on: February 26, 2014

42.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Microglial Interactions with Stress-Response Circuitry Using the Limited Bedding and Nesting Model
04:20

Author Spotlight: Exploring Microglial Interactions with Stress-Response Circuitry Using the Limited Bedding and Nesting Model

Published on: July 12, 2024

1.9K
An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze
14:24

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze

Published on: July 29, 2025

603
Barnes Maze Testing Strategies with Small and Large Rodent Models
12:59

Barnes Maze Testing Strategies with Small and Large Rodent Models

Published on: February 26, 2014

42.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Perinatal adversities, including protein malnutrition and exposure to neurotoxicants, are significant risk factors for psychopathologies.
  • Neonates in socio-economically compromised environments face multiple adverse factors during critical developmental windows.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cumulative perinatal stress exposure leads to neurological disorders later in life.
  • To understand the role of microglia activation, priming, and dystrophy in spatial learning and memory impairments following multi-hit perinatal exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Wistar rats were fed control or low-protein (LP) diets starting pre-breeding.
  • Offspring (F1) received deltamethrin (DLT), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or both during the early postnatal period.
  • Microglial priming was assessed via immunohistochemistry, and spatial learning/memory by the Morris water maze test.

Main Results:

  • LP offspring exposed to stressors showed reduced brain weight and heightened susceptibility.
  • Long-term microglial activation (primed state) with increased CD11b/CR3, MHC-II/OX-6, and ED2 expression was observed.
  • Multi-hit exposure resulted in dystrophic microglia and severe spatial learning and memory impairments.

Conclusions:

  • Perinatal multi-hit exposure, combining protein malnutrition and environmental stressors, induces significant microglial changes.
  • These microglial alterations are linked to severe deficits in spatial learning and memory.
  • Perinatal multi-hit exposure represents a potential risk factor for adult-onset developmental disorders.