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Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety

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Dysregulated Gene Expression: A Candidate Mechanism for Anxiety Disorders.

Dimitri Traenkner¹, Mary Steinmann²

¹Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.

Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Science

|July 21, 2025

Summary

Genetics plays a role in anxiety disorders, but common gene variants explain little. New research suggests gene-regulatory elements may alter gene expression, impacting anxiety susceptibility and offering new treatment targets.

Keywords:

Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)anxiety disorders cis-regulatory elements comorbidity dysregulated gene expression epigenetics gene regulation heritability neurobiological mechanisms polygenic traits

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Psychiatry

Background:

Anxiety disorders are common and severe mental illnesses.
Genetics contributes to anxiety susceptibility, often through polygenic inheritance involving multiple gene variants.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified anxiety-related genetic loci, but these explain limited heritability.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the role of gene regulation in the genetic architecture of anxiety disorders.
To review recent advances in understanding how gene-regulatory elements influence anxiety.
To identify potential new avenues for anxiety disorder diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature on genetics and anxiety disorders.
Analysis of findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
Examination of the role of non-coding DNA and gene-regulatory elements.

Main Results:

Many GWAS hits for anxiety disorders are located in non-coding regions with gene-regulatory functions.
Altered expression of genes due to disrupted regulatory elements may contribute to anxiety susceptibility.
These regulatory changes could subtly affect neuronal signaling and stress-response pathways.

Conclusions:

Gene-regulatory elements are a promising area for understanding the genetic basis of anxiety disorders.
Investigating gene regulation offers potential for developing targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Understanding the genetic architecture of anxiety disorders is advancing through the study of gene regulation.