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A Biometric Comparison Between Myopic and Non-myopic Eyes Treated for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Kaveh Abri Aghdam1, Samira Chaibakhsh2, Nazanin Hasani1
1Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Insights
Children treated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) show distinct biometric changes contributing to myopia. These differences highlight the unique ocular characteristics in ROP-treated myopic children compared to their non-ROP counterparts.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Ophthalmology
- Myopia Research
Background:
- Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of visual impairment in premature infants.
- Understanding the long-term ocular consequences of ROP treatment is crucial for managing refractive errors like myopia.
- Biometric alterations following ROP treatment can influence refractive development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the specific biometric changes associated with myopia in children previously treated for ROP.
- To compare these biometric alterations with those found in full-term myopic children without a history of ROP.
- To elucidate the factors contributing to myopia development in the context of ROP treatment.
Main Methods:
- Recruitment of children with a history of ROP treatment, categorized by treatment modality (intravitreal bevacizumab or laser).
- Inclusion of an age-matched control group of myopic children without ROP history.
- Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations including cycloplegic refraction and biometric measurements using IOL Master and Pentacam.
Main Results:
- High myopia incidence was significantly higher in the laser-treated ROP group (P < 0.001).
- In non-myopic ROP-treated eyes, refractive error changes were linked to axial length (P = 0.003).
- In myopic ROP-treated eyes, refractive error changes correlated with anterior chamber depth (P < 0.001), lens thickness (P < 0.001), and axial length (P = 0.018).
- Myopic children with ROP history exhibited shorter axial lengths, shallower anterior chambers, thicker lenses, and steeper corneas compared to controls (all P < 0.001).
Conclusions:
- Eyes with a history of ROP treatment, regardless of myopic status, represent distinct clinical entities.
- Refractive error changes in non-myopic ROP-treated eyes are primarily driven by axial length.
- Myopic children treated for ROP display unique biometric profiles compared to myopic children without ROP history, necessitating tailored management strategies.
Purpose:
This study aims to assess the biometric alterations contributing to myopia in children who have undergone treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and compare these changes with those observed in full-term myopic children.
Methods:
Children who had undergone ROP treatment were recruited and classified according to their treatment methods. An age-matched group of myopic patients with no history of ROP treatment was also included. Complete perinatal history was collected, and a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including cycloplegic refraction, was conducted. The biometric data of children in each study group were gathered using the IOL Master and Pentacam.
Results:
The study recruited 14 patients in the intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) group, 17 patients in the laser-treated group, and 13 individuals in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two patient groups regarding gestational age, birth weight, and age. In the IVB group, 50% of patients were myopic, compared to 52.9% in the laser-treated group. The incidence of high myopia was significantly higher in the laser-treated group (P 0.001). In the non-myopic group, changes in refractive error were solely related to changes in axial length (P = 0.003). However, in the myopic group, changes in refractive error were significantly associated with changes in anterior chamber depth (P 0.001), lens thickness (P 0.001), and axial length (P = 0.018). Furthermore, myopic children in the ROP group had significantly shorter axial lengths, shallower anterior chambers, thicker lenses, and steeper corneas compared to the control group (all P 0.001).
Conclusion:
Eyes with a history of ROP treatment, whether myopic or non-myopic, should be considered distinct entities. In patients who have undergone ROP treatment and have not developed myopia, changes in refractive error are primarily influenced by alterations in axial length, rather than changes in the anterior segment. Furthermore, children with myopia and a history of treatment for ROP (either IVB or laser) exhibit different biometric changes compared to myopic children without a history of ROP treatment, further underscoring their unique characteristics.
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