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Epithelial Lining Fluid Cystatin SN is a Noninvasive Biomarker for Predicting Type 2 Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Seojin Moon1, Sungmin Moon1, Sol Lee1
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
A novel biomarker, epithelial lining fluid cystatin SN, accurately identifies the type 2 inflammatory endotype in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This noninvasive marker aids in personalized treatment strategies for CRS patients.
Area of Science:
- Otorhinolaryngology
- Immunology
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) treatment response varies by inflammatory endotype.
- Identifying endotypes is crucial for personalized CRS treatment.
- A noninvasive biomarker for the type 2 (T2) CRS endotype is needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify a noninvasive epithelial lining fluid (ELF) biomarker for the type 2 (T2) endotype of CRS.
- To assess the diagnostic accuracy of ELF cystatin SN for T2 CRS.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from CRS patients and controls.
- Measurement of inflammatory mediators in nasal tissue and ELF using Luminex and ELISA.
- Immunofluorescence staining to confirm gene expression.
Main Results:
- Cystatin SN (CST1) expression was exclusive to epithelial cells in T2 CRS.
- Epithelial lining fluid (ELF) cystatin SN levels were significantly higher in T2 CRS.
- ELF cystatin SN showed high sensitivity (75.0%) and specificity (92.0%) for predicting T2 CRS, outperforming other markers.
Conclusions:
- Epithelial lining fluid (ELF) cystatin SN is a clinically feasible, noninvasive biomarker.
- ELF cystatin SN demonstrates superior accuracy in predicting the type 2 (T2) endotype of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
- This finding supports its use in guiding personalized CRS treatment.
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