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Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy
Published on: November 1, 2011
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Localized Rift Valley fever virus persistence explains epidemic and interepidemic dynamics and guides control
Melinda K Rostal1,2,3, Jamie C Prentice2,4, Noam Ross5
1One Health Research Consulting, Glen Rock, NJ, USA.
Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|July 22, 2025
Summary
Transovarial transmission (TOT) can help Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) persist locally through cold or dry seasons. Preventing long-term local persistence requires sustained vaccination efforts over many years.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Epidemiology
- Disease Ecology
- Arbovirology
Background:
- Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging zoonotic disease impacting livestock and human health.
- Understanding Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) local persistence is crucial for preventing its spread.
- Transovarial transmission (TOT) is a proposed mechanism for RVFV maintenance, but its role is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of transovarial transmission (TOT) in the local persistence of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV).
- To model the impact of TOT and climate on RVFV prevalence and outbreak frequency.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination strategies for preventing RVFV establishment.
Main Methods:
- Developed host- and multi-vector climate-driven simulation models.
- Simulated RVFV transmission dynamics incorporating transovarial transmission.
- Analyzed patterns of prevalence and outbreak frequency under different scenarios.
Main Results:
- Transovarial transmission (TOT) can facilitate RVFV local persistence through seasonal environmental challenges.
- Sustained, low-level annual transmission combined with substantial TOT is required for local persistence.
- Infrequent large outbreaks were found to hinder long-term persistence in simulations.
- Low-level vaccination can prevent large outbreaks, but sustained vaccination is needed to interrupt long-term local persistence.
Conclusions:
- Transovarial transmission (TOT) plays a significant role in the local persistence of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV).
- Effective control strategies must consider the contribution of TOT to RVFV maintenance.
- Long-term interruption of RVFV local persistence necessitates sustained vaccination campaigns.
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