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Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Xylem Water Distribution in Woody Plants Visualized with a Cryo-scanning Electron Microscope

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Published on: June 20, 2019

Single-cell and spatial multiomics identifies heterogeneous xylem development driven by mechanical stress in Populus.

Jo-Wei Allison Hsieh¹, Pin-Chien Liou², Chia-Chang Lin³

¹Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan; Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Developmental Cell

|July 23, 2025

Summary

Tension wood fibers are the same cell type and lineage as normal wood fibers. This study identifies genes controlling tension wood formation, offering insights into biomass production and bioenergy yield.

Keywords:

LC-MS/MS MALDI imaging cell fate determination gravity sensing mechanical stress single-cell transcriptomics spatial metabolomics spatial transcriptomics tension wood xylem development

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Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Wood Formation
Biotechnology

Background:

Xylem provides structural support and forms tension wood under mechanical stress.
Key questions about tension wood fiber distinctness, lineage, and genetic control remained unanswered for over a century.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if tension wood fibers are morphologically distinct from normal wood fibers.
To investigate the lineage of tension wood fibers.
To identify key genes regulating tension wood formation.

Main Methods:

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of normal, tension, and opposite xylem.
Spatial transcriptomics and metabolomics for validating differential developmental speed and cell-type ratios.
Phosphoproteomics to analyze conserved mechanical sensing mechanisms.

Main Results:

Fibers in normal and tension wood are the same cell type and originate from the same lineage.
Differential developmental speed and cell-type ratios in tension and opposite xylem were confirmed.
Mechanical sensing mechanisms are conserved across angiosperm stems and roots.
A set of genes involved in cell fate transition during tension wood formation was identified.

Conclusions:

Tension wood formation does not involve distinct cell types or lineages.
Identified genes provide targets for understanding and manipulating wood formation.
Insights into cell development heterogeneity can optimize biomass production and bioenergy yield.