Antimicrobial Peptides: Source, Biological Function, and Intestinal Regulation of Piglets

Area of Science:

• Animal Science
• Microbiology
• Immunology

Background:

• Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are vital components of the innate immune system with broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.
• The rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates exploring alternative strategies for disease prevention and control in livestock.
• AMPs present a promising avenue as nutritional additives due to their unique mechanisms of action and immunomodulatory effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the sources, biological functions, and in vivo regulation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in piglets.
• To highlight the potential of AMPs as novel nutritional additives in the postantibiotic era for livestock.
• To provide insights into AMPs' role in modulating nutrition and disease resistance in piglets.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of existing studies on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).
• Analysis of AMPs' mechanisms of action, including membrane disruption and intracellular effects.
• Examination of AMPs' immunomodulatory roles and effects on the intestinal barrier in piglets.

Main Results:

• AMPs exhibit diverse mechanisms, including microbial membrane disruption, DNA/RNA interference, and inhibition of cell wall synthesis.
• AMPs play crucial roles in regulating inflammatory responses and maintaining intestinal barrier integrity.
• Evidence suggests AMPs can challenge pathogen drug resistance development.

Conclusions:

• Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potent molecules with significant potential as nutritional additives for livestock.
• Understanding AMPs' functions in piglets is crucial for developing strategies to enhance animal health and nutrition.
• AMPs offer a viable alternative in the postantibiotic era for managing livestock diseases.