A Review on Surgical Robotic Platforms Including RMIS, AI-Based CAS Systems, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Area of Science:

• Robotics in Surgery
• Minimally Invasive Surgery
• Computer-Assisted Surgery

Background:

• Surgical Robotic Platforms (SRPs) are integral to modern Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgeries (RMIS).
• Computer-Assisted Surgery (CAS) systems guide surgeons utilizing SRPs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review 31 SRPs, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages in RMIS.
• To propose a logical classification for both SRPs and CAS systems.
• To validate the hypothesis that SRPs and AI-based CAS improve clinical outcomes through precise RMIS.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of 31 Surgical Robotic Platforms (SRPs).
• Analysis of benefits and limitations of SRPs in Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgeries (RMIS).
• Development of classification systems for SRPs and CAS.

Main Results:

• A classification of evaluation parameters for comparing SRPs.
• An overview and comparison of 27 video-guided CAS systems.
• Validation of the hypothesis on enhanced clinical outcomes with SRPs and AI-CAS.

Conclusions:

• This paper consolidates discussions on SRPs, RMIS, and CAS systems.
• Identifies current challenges and future research opportunities in these fields.
• Provides a comprehensive understanding of SRPs and CAS in RMIS.