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Perinatal Mortality in the United States, 2022 and 2023

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    The U.S. perinatal mortality rate remained stable from 2022 to 2023. However, early fetal mortality increased, with notable changes observed in specific demographics and states.

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    Area of Science:

    • Perinatal Health
    • Public Health Surveillance
    • Vital Statistics

    Background:

    • Perinatal mortality is a critical indicator of maternal and infant health outcomes.
    • Understanding trends in perinatal mortality is essential for public health interventions.
    • Previous data indicated varying rates across different demographic groups and geographic regions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze changes in the U.S. perinatal mortality rate between 2022 and 2023.
    • To examine these changes by components of perinatal mortality (early fetal, late fetal, early neonatal).
    • To investigate demographic and state-level variations in perinatal mortality trends.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), including the Fetal Death Data File and Linked Birth/Infant Death Data File.
    • Employed an expanded definition of perinatal mortality: fetal deaths at ≥20 weeks gestation and infant deaths <7 days.
    • Conducted statistical significance testing at the 0.05 level.

    Main Results:

    • The overall U.S. perinatal mortality rate was 8.36 deaths per 1,000 births in 2023, a nonsignificant change from 8.27 in 2022.
    • Early fetal mortality rate increased by 4% (2.79 in 2022 to 2.89 in 2023).
    • Increases observed in perinatal mortality for females <20 years, Hispanic females, and in Alabama, Colorado, and New Jersey; a decrease in Michigan.

    Conclusions:

    • While the overall perinatal mortality rate showed stability, the rise in early fetal mortality warrants attention.
    • Specific demographic groups (adolescent mothers, Hispanic females) and states experienced significant changes.
    • Continued monitoring and targeted interventions are necessary to address disparities and improve perinatal outcomes.