Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

19.1K
The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
19.1K
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

57.1K
Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
57.1K
The Central Dogma01:25

The Central Dogma

128.6K
Overview
128.6K
tRNA Activation02:26

tRNA Activation

20.0K
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
20.0K
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

6.4K
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
6.4K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.0K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Functionality versus Adaptation: Insights from Transcriptional Adaptation.

Journal of molecular evolution·2026
Same author

The birth, death, and evolutionary compensation of uORFs in Drosophila.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Dynamic A-to-I RNA editing in response to gut microbiome in honey bees.

Genome research·2026
Same author

ADAR-mediated tolerance and SOS splicing-mediated excision of transposable elements.

Transcription·2026
Same author

Multi-angle, cross-domain fusion strategy enhances automated insect identification and hierarchical categorization: a case study on assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).

Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society·2026
Same author

A paradox in the evolution of HipHop-HOAP and telomere integrity.

Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)·2026
Same journal

Analysis of genetic risk factors for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in the Polish population.

Journal of applied genetics·2026
Same journal

DUS based morphological evaluation of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum Sendt.) germplasm for identification of promising breeding lines in Himachal Pradesh, India.

Journal of applied genetics·2026
Same journal

Non-coding RNAs in peripheral vascular diseases - a snRNA study.

Journal of applied genetics·2026
Same journal

Distribution of mrk genes among uopathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Journal of applied genetics·2026
Same journal

Maize chromatin introgression's effect in oat × maize addition lines.

Journal of applied genetics·2026
Same journal

Unravelling obesity: from leptin to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.

Journal of applied genetics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
10:56

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

68.9K

Different mRNAs encoding identical proteins: how and why?

Yuange Duan1, Qi Cao2

  • 1Department of Entomology and State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.

Journal of Applied Genetics
|July 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alternative splicing produces multiple mRNAs, sometimes encoding identical proteins. Fruit flies utilize these for adaptive regulation, unlike humans, mice, and Arabidopsis, suggesting evolutionary roles for mRNA diversity.

Keywords:
Alternative splicingDifferent mRNAsIdentical proteinRegulationUTR

More Related Videos

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
10:06

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Published on: April 26, 2017

9.1K
Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
10:25

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

5.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
10:56

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

68.9K
Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
10:06

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Published on: April 26, 2017

9.1K
Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
10:25

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

5.1K

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Alternative splicing (AS) generates diverse mRNA and protein isoforms, contributing to biological complexity.
  • A subset of alternatively spliced mRNAs share identical coding sequences (CDS), raising questions about their functional necessity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary and functional significance of multiple mRNAs encoding identical proteins across different species.
  • To test the adaptive and error hypotheses regarding the maintenance of such mRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of human, mouse, fruit fly, and Arabidopsis genomes.
  • Examination of mRNA features including CDS length, UTR variability, and protein sequence conservation.

Main Results:

  • Fruit flies exhibit a high prevalence (>70%) of protein-coding genes with multiple mRNAs encoding identical proteins, aligning with the adaptive hypothesis.
  • These fruit fly mRNAs feature long CDS, variable UTRs, and conserved protein sequences.
  • Human, mouse, and Arabidopsis genomes showed opposite or insignificant trends, aligning more with the error hypothesis.

Conclusions:

  • The study suggests that in species with large effective population sizes like fruit flies, natural selection may maintain mRNAs with identical CDS for condition-specific regulation and adaptive evolution.
  • This challenges the notion that mRNA diversity solely arises from molecular errors, highlighting potential adaptive roles in gene regulation and evolution.