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"Rationality" enhancement through anodal tDCS over the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.

Jonathan Slater¹, Michal Lavidor^1,2, Eliran Halali³

¹Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel.

Scientific Reports

|July 27, 2025

Summary

The right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) plays a key role in promoting self-interested economic behavior. Stimulating this brain region increased acceptance of unfair offers in social exchange games.

Keywords:

Decision neuroscience Neuroeconomics Neuromodulation Social preferences Ultimatum game

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Behavioral Economics
Cognitive Science

Background:

Classical economic theories assume pure self-interest, but experimental findings show social preferences (fairness, reciprocity) often conflict with self-interest.
A debate exists on whether social preferences are automatic or require cognitive control to override self-interest.
The right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) are implicated in managing this conflict, but rVLPFC's role is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the causal role of the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) in modulating social preferences versus self-interest.
To examine the behavioral effects of stimulating the rVLPFC using anodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) in an economic decision-making task.

Main Methods:

Anodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) was applied over the rVLPFC in human participants.
Participants' behavior was assessed using the ultimatum game, a standard economic exchange paradigm.
Control conditions included sham stimulation and variations in offer source (human vs. computer) and player role (self vs. proxy).

Main Results:

rVLPFC stimulation significantly increased the acceptance rate of unfair offers compared to sham stimulation.
This effect persisted regardless of whether offers originated from a human or a computer.
The pro-self-interest effect was absent when participants acted on behalf of another individual, suggesting context-dependency.

Conclusions:

The findings establish a causal role for the rVLPFC in promoting "rational" self-interested behavior in social exchange.
This suggests that the rVLPFC is crucial for overriding fairness considerations in favor of economic gain.
The study contributes to understanding the neural mechanisms underlying the interplay between social preferences and self-interest.