An exploration of high-performance environments in esports: A preliminary model

The professionalisation of esports has led to increased investment in high-performance environments. However, disparities in resources and infrastructure between major and minor regions remain a challenge to achieving competitive parity. We explored key success factors in elite esports environments and developed a preliminary conceptual model to capture the core elements identified. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with elite players (n = 10), coaches (n = 9), and support staff (n = 7) from major and minor regions. Three categories were developed to represent the key success factors: training environment, interpersonal dynamics, and intrapersonal development. Players from major regions benefited from structured support, including dedicated training facilities, psychological services, and in-person cohesion-building strategies. In contrast, minor region players faced resource limitations, restricted access to support services, and appeared at high risk of burnout. From these findings, we proposed the Esports High-Performance Model (EHPM), a multi-layered, context-specific preliminary model illustrating the interplay between training conditions, social dynamics, and individual development in high-performance esports settings. This model offers a foundation for future research and can inform policies to support healthy, sustainable esports environments. The EHPM also provides a promising platform of evidence upon which to develop policies and practices that address disparities between regions.