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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

223
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
223
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

221
Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
221
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

386
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
386
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

232
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
232
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

1.3K
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
1.3K
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

287
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
287

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Hypersensitivity to liraglutide: A case report.

Ana G Marino-Fernández1, Irene García-Gutiérrez1, Sofía Alonso Juaristi1

  • 1Allergology Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.

Asia Pacific Allergy
|July 28, 2025
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Summary

A patient experienced a localized allergic reaction to Saxenda (liraglutide) after reintroduction, indicating a need for careful monitoring of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in weight management.

Keywords:
Hypersensitivityimmediate reactionindividualized managementliraglutide

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Saxenda (liraglutide) is FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management in adults with obesity.
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly used for weight reduction.
  • Adverse reactions to GLP-1 RAs can vary, necessitating further investigation.

Observation:

  • A 44-year-old woman with grade 2 obesity developed a localized injection site reaction (maculopapular erythema, pruritus) after liraglutide reintroduction.
  • The reaction occurred after a brief 5-day interruption of liraglutide treatment.
  • Skin testing confirmed an acute positive reaction to liraglutide.

Findings:

  • This case highlights a localized allergic response to liraglutide, a GLP-1 RA.
  • The reaction manifested after treatment reinitiation, suggesting potential hypersensitivity.
  • Variability in allergic reactions among GLP-1 RAs is noted in existing literature.

Implications:

  • Individualized management is crucial for addressing adverse reactions to liraglutide in obese patients.
  • Further research is needed to understand the spectrum of allergic responses to liraglutide and other GLP-1 RAs.
  • Clinicians should be vigilant for localized reactions during liraglutide therapy for weight management.