Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.2K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.2K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.5K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.5K
Polymers02:34

Polymers

37.0K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
37.0K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.7K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.7K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.6K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.6K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.4K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The value of neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026
Same author

Efficient Osmotic Energy Conversion Enabled by Self-Standing COF Membranes With Varied Sulfonic Acid Group Density.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

MRI-based assessment of tumor aggressiveness in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: risk stratification and survival prediction.

European radiology·2026
Same author

In situ fabrication of cellulose-supported aluminum-glutamate complexes for highly efficient adsorption of indigo carmine.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

Harnessing machine learning to decode dietary Impacts on cardiometabolic multimorbidity.

International journal of medical informatics·2026
Same author

From locus to gene: causal inference and experimental validation prioritize PSMA4 as a candidate target in lung adenocarcinoma.

American journal of cancer research·2026
Same journal

Direct impure water electrolysis at industrial scale.

Chemical Society reviews·2026
Same journal

Catalytic valorization of polyolefins: from catalysts and processes to reactors.

Chemical Society reviews·2026
Same journal

Designing stable π-radicals.

Chemical Society reviews·2026
Same journal

Antibacterial drug discovery: challenges and preclinical promises from synthetic small molecules.

Chemical Society reviews·2026
Same journal

Selective carbon-carbon bond cleavage involving alkene moieties.

Chemical Society reviews·2026
Same journal

Circularly polarized luminescence: an easy path from molecules to supramolecular systems and beyond.

Chemical Society reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles
14:37

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles

Published on: July 6, 2012

11.5K

Reticular framework materials as versatile platforms for controllable polymer synthesis.

Zhiwei Xing1, Sai Wang2, Qi Sun1

  • 1Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. sunqichs@zju.edu.cn.

Chemical Society Reviews
|July 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reticular framework materials like MOFs, COFs, and HOFs enable precise polymer synthesis. These advanced materials act as nanoreactors and catalysts for superior polymer design and performance.

More Related Videos

Particles without a Box: Brush-first Synthesis of Photodegradable PEG Star Polymers under Ambient Conditions
06:56

Particles without a Box: Brush-first Synthesis of Photodegradable PEG Star Polymers under Ambient Conditions

Published on: October 10, 2013

39.9K
Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles
14:37

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles

Published on: July 6, 2012

11.5K
Particles without a Box: Brush-first Synthesis of Photodegradable PEG Star Polymers under Ambient Conditions
06:56

Particles without a Box: Brush-first Synthesis of Photodegradable PEG Star Polymers under Ambient Conditions

Published on: October 10, 2013

39.9K
Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.4K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Precise control over polymer structure and architecture is a major challenge in materials science.
  • Traditional polymerization methods often lack the required precision for advanced functional polymers.
  • Reticular framework materials offer new possibilities for controlled polymer synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the use of reticular framework materials for controlled polymer synthesis.
  • To highlight strategies utilizing these materials for enhanced polymer properties.
  • To discuss future directions in polymer synthesis using framework materials.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs).
  • Analysis of three primary strategies: confined nanoreactors, tailored reaction sites, and heterogeneous catalysis.
  • Review of polymerization mechanisms and illustrative examples.

Main Results:

  • Reticular frameworks enable spatial regulation of polymer growth within confined nanoreactors.
  • Tailored reaction sites within frameworks control polymer network morphology.
  • Heterogeneous catalysis using frameworks enhances efficiency and uniformity in linear polymer production.
  • Novel polymers with superior properties are developed for energy, biomedical, and environmental applications.

Conclusions:

  • Reticular framework materials provide versatile platforms for achieving unprecedented control over polymer synthesis.
  • Future research should focus on improving regioselectivity, stereoregularity, molecular weight distribution, and sequence control.
  • Advancements in functionalization and fabrication of these materials promise synthetic precision comparable to biological systems.