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Age-Based Trends in Opioid Overdose-Related Emergency Medical Services Encounters, 2017-2023.

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Opioid overdose emergency medical services (EMS) encounters rose significantly in adolescents during the pandemic. While rates decreased for all ages by 2023, youth encounters remain elevated, highlighting a need for targeted interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Emergency Medical Services

Background:

  • Opioid overdose-related emergency medical services (EMS) encounters have been a growing public health concern.
  • Understanding age-based trends is crucial for effective prevention and intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze age-specific trends in opioid overdose-related EMS encounters using national data from 2017-2023.
  • To identify shifts in overdose encounter rates across different age demographics, particularly concerning adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • Repeated cross-sectional analysis of National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) data (2017-2023).
  • Calculation of annual rates of opioid overdose-related EMS encounters per 10,000 total EMS encounters for six age groups.
  • Comparison of pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic trends.

Main Results:

  • Opioid overdose-related EMS encounters increased from 2019 to 2020 across all age groups, with the largest surge (70%) in individuals under 18.
  • From 2022 to 2023, rates declined for all age groups, returning to pre-pandemic levels for ages 18-24 and 25-34.
  • However, the rate for those under 18 remained 62% higher than pre-pandemic levels.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescents experienced a disproportionately large increase in opioid overdose EMS encounters during the pandemic.
  • Despite overall decreases, elevated rates in youth underscore persistent vulnerabilities.
  • System-level interventions are essential to enhance access to youth-specific prevention, harm reduction, and treatment services for opioid overdose.