Associations Between Daily Heart Rate Variability and Self-Reported Wellness: A 14-Day Observational Study in Healthy...

Heart rate variability (HRV), particularly the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), is widely used as a non-invasive indicator of autonomic nervous system activity and physiological recovery. This study examined whether daily short-term HRV, measured under standardised morning conditions, was associated with self-reported wellness in a non-clinical adult population. Over a 14-day period, 41 participants completed daily five-minute HRV recordings using a Polar H10 chest sensor and the Kubios mobile app, followed by ratings of sleep quality, fatigue, stress, and physical recovery. Bayesian ordinal mixed-effects models revealed that higher RMSSD values were associated with better self-reported sleep (β = 0.510, 95% HDI: 0.239 to 0.779), lower fatigue (β = 0.281, 95% HDI: 0.020 to 0.562), and reduced stress (β = 0.353, 95% HDI: 0.059 to 0.606), even after adjusting for covariates. No association was found between RMSSD and perceived muscle soreness. These findings support the interpretability of RMSSD as a physiological marker of daily recovery and stress in real-world settings. While the effect sizes were modest and individual variability remained substantial, results suggest that consistent HRV monitoring may offer meaningful insight into subjective wellness-particularly when contextualised and tracked over time.