Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

2.2K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
2.2K
Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

7.2K
Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
7.2K
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

1.2K
Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
1.2K
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

3.5K
In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
3.5K
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

509
Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
509
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

4.6K
Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fluxgate Magnetometers Based on New Physical Principles.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Hybrid Vibration Sensor for Equipment Monitoring and Diagnostics.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Overview of Promising Solutions in Subsurface Sounding Equipment.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Fluxgate Sensor with Bifactor Excitation Mode.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Study on the Hot Deformation Behavior of Stainless Steel AISI 321.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same author

A Study of Characteristics of Aluminum Bronze Coatings Applied to Steel Using Additive Technologies.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment
04:35

Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment

Published on: July 5, 2024

2.0K

Motor Temperature Observer for Four-Mass Thermal Model Based Rolling Mills.

Boris M Loginov1, Stanislav S Voronin1, Roman A Lisovskiy1

  • 1Department of Automation and Control, Moscow Polytechnic University, 38, Bolshaya Semyonovskaya Str., 107023 Moscow, Russia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Developing on-line temperature monitoring for rolling mill synchronous motors is crucial. A new digital shadow observer ensures reliable operation of these expensive, high-power drives, confirming satisfactory motor condition.

Keywords:
four-mass modelmotorobserverrolling milltemperaturethermal statevalidation

More Related Videos

Design, Instrumentation and Usage Protocols for Distributed In Situ Thermal Hot Spots Monitoring in Electric Coils using FBG Sensor Multiplexing
10:52

Design, Instrumentation and Usage Protocols for Distributed In Situ Thermal Hot Spots Monitoring in Electric Coils using FBG Sensor Multiplexing

Published on: March 8, 2020

5.9K
Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics
04:09

Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics

Published on: August 30, 2024

443

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment
04:35

Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment

Published on: July 5, 2024

2.0K
Design, Instrumentation and Usage Protocols for Distributed In Situ Thermal Hot Spots Monitoring in Electric Coils using FBG Sensor Multiplexing
10:52

Design, Instrumentation and Usage Protocols for Distributed In Situ Thermal Hot Spots Monitoring in Electric Coils using FBG Sensor Multiplexing

Published on: March 8, 2020

5.9K
Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics
04:09

Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics

Published on: August 30, 2024

443

Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Industrial Automation

Background:

  • Thermal control of rolling mill motors is critical for processing advanced steel grades.
  • Digital IIoT technologies enhance diagnostic monitoring capabilities.
  • Synchronous motors in modern rolling mills are expensive, and their reliability directly impacts plant output.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an urgent on-line temperature monitoring system for synchronous motors in plate mill 5000.
  • To implement a digital shadow (coordinate observer) for continuous temperature monitoring.
  • To address modern reliability requirements for stator, rotor windings, and iron core temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a thermal state observer using a four-mass model of motor heating in MATLAB Simulink.
  • Utilized Simscape Thermal Models library for the thermal model.
  • Performed virtual adjustment via hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation.
  • Validated results by comparing observer data with actual measurements.

Main Results:

  • Presented a novel method for calculating thermal loads from rolling data.
  • Studied discrete mass heating and analyzed stator/rotor winding temperatures during rolling cycles.
  • Confirmed satisfactory thermal condition of upper and lower roll synchronous motors.

Conclusions:

  • The developed digital shadow observer enhances the reliability of industrial electrical equipment.
  • The research introduces technologies that improve rolling mill electrical drive reliability, contributing to metallurgical innovation.
  • Recommendations are provided for broader industrial application of these findings.